The Inclusion Of Educational Administration And Supervision In College Of Education

The Inclusion Of Educational Administration And Supervision In College Of Education

INTRODUCTION

       

The administration sets policy, the management gives the orders to implement the policies, and supervision ensures that the policies are carried out effectively.  This is generally true, though the functions do not have to all be held by different people.  There will be jobs that require a person to carry out more than one of these roles.

  Education administration is a discipline within the study of education that examines the administrative theory and practices  of education general and education institution and educators in particular.

        The administration typically does not dictate the details of how these goals will be achieved.  Instead, the administration delegates that to the management.  Management is an executive function in that it dictates who policy goals are to be achieved.  Therefore, management consists of setting out detailed plans for how to accomplish what the administration has ordered.

Administrators are typically those who decide the direction of an organization.  They decide what the goals of the organization will be.  These are the policy-makers who are at the top of the organization.

The inclusion of educational administration and supervision in the College of Education will assists the students in the following ways.

1.        Prepare a cadre of leaders with special competencies which will enable them to function as managers, supervisors, educational specialists, etc., in industry, the military, corporations, and human services.

2.   Upgrade skills of those already employed in human services occupations, government, military, and industry.

3.   Provide students with a high level of skills and expertise to work with all facets of the school organization and those aspects of the community which bear most directly on the school's educational goals and its program objectives

4.   Equip students with sufficient levels of educational and practical training so that they will be attractive as potential employees to those who select administrative and supervisory personnel for public and private school systems and industry.

5.   Prepare a cadre of educational leaders with special competencies in school administration and supervision that will enable them to meet the demands of a changing society as they function in the total educational framework.

        It will help the students in decision making as a key factor in educational management as here we have to think of generations which will be affected by the policies decided. Having considered various alternative and a consequence of each course of action, a suitable course of action must be determined. Guesswork, arbitrary exercise of authority, ill-considered hasty decisions should have no place in educational management. The following points must be borne in mind while deciding that the:

(a) The course of actions should be simple and easily understood by all concerned;

(b) Standards for targets must be laid down; and

(c) The goal must be clear.

        The plan should be flexible. The very existence of variables and uncertainties make decision-making and planning a necessity. There should be enough scope of change to cater for any unforeseen situations. There are many variables - the priorities may change due to unforeseen circumstances; equipment and grants may not become available as expected; personnel may be posted out or they may proceed on leave; all these variable contributing to the non-implementation of decisions. It is the combination of necessary human the effort, material equipment in systematic and effective correlation to accomplish the desired results. Under educational administration, we organize:

(a) Ideas and principles into school systems, curricular and co-curricular activities, time schedules, norms of achievement and the like;

(b) Human beings into schools, classes, committees, groups, school staff, the inspecting staff.

(c) Material into buildings, furniture and equipment, libraries, laboratories, workshops, museums and art galleries.

        Involvement in deciding policies and plans help in motivation. The term motivation aims to make the man be cheerfully willing to do the job we want him to do. Face to face communication is quite useful if organization members are to be motivated to do their best. Communication, down, up and across is also of great importance to the motivation of organization members.

        Effective control is an important element in educational administration. The administrator must constantly check on his terms and his ₀wn performance vis-a-vis the standards laid down. He needs to take corrective action to the form of adjustments to the physical environment of work, modification, and addition of materials and methods or abilities and motivation review of the personnel in terms of their spirits. It is required of all the elements the persons, material and ideas, knowledge and principles and so to interweave them as to achieve a common objective and a single effect.

 The administration should look into the:

(a) Relations among people,

 (b) Allocation of tasks, and

 (c) Division of labour; Evaluation is a good way to find out the success or failure of a project.

         Good measures are required to find out the reasons why it failed or succeeded, which steps in the process were most successful, what should have been done to improve the action and what should be done differently at the next trial? Recording and reporting are essential elements of educational management which are answerable to the parents, the higher authorities, the society, etc.

        The purpose of supervision is to bring about continuous improvement in the instructional program. Cox and Langfitt write, "Management executes, directs; supervision advises, stimulates, explains, leads, guides, and assists. Both plan, both diagnose, both inspect, but management decides and orders execution, while supervision helps to decide and assist in improving instruction. Self-Development for School Managers, you will have learned that the first action of a school manager is to identify the mission of the school and to set the objectives. The head will then need to identify different strategies by which to achieve the agreed mission and objectives. Through the planning process, the head aims to manage an efficient and effective school. Efficient means using minimum resources to get maximum results on time. Effective means to achieve the set of objectives. The third part of the planning stage is thus to decide on an appropriate strategy.

Educational administration is taught in the college of education to help the students in terms of Planning, Organizing Directing and Controlling. (POSCRD)

Educational administration is regarded as total processes inclusive of all responsibilities and functions necessary for running the school. It provides and manages various elements of the teaching-learning situation such as the learners, the teachers, the curriculum and the socio-physical environment.

There are different functions of administration in school management program. These are planning, organizing, directing and controlling. In the absence of these functions, the school cannot function effectively. Let us now analyze these functions briefly.

Planning

        Planning is an essential component. It is a useful exercise to be undertaken by the administrators. It involves systematic, organized and an articulated scheme of work. So planning can be thought of at the beginning of the session. 

Organizing

        The organization is also an important function of good administration. The effective and efficient work of the school depends upon the good organization. The essential element of the organization is people: what they do and how they work together. So for good organization, the administrator should define the purpose, analyze and identify tasks required to meet these objectives, allocate related activities to other staff, provide for management and coordination of activities at each level of responsibility and lastly establish a reporting and communication channel.

Directing

        Directing is an important function of educational administration. Direction involves getting the work done through instructions and orders. There should be proper supervision, motivation, and communication on the part of the administrator for getting the work done. The ultimate aim is to see that work is accomplished according to policies and programs and given instructions. Directing involves exercising leadership motivating people, determining accountability and developing guidelines for action.

Controlling

        Controlling involves measuring and monitoring performance, comparing results with plans and taking corrective action when required. It indicates how far the goals have been achieved and to what extent there is a deviation from the plans. The basis of control is measurement. Control deals with the difference between the planned and actual performance. So the administration is concerned with managing resources, allocating tasks, making decisions and solving problems. The function is to create favourable conditions for the educational process and their maintenance at an effective level. For effective organization, good administration should involve planning, organizing, directing, motivating, controlling and decision-making.

CONCLUSION

       Educational administration and supervision programs are usually offered at the NCE levels. They may culminate in a degree or in an endorsement for a teacher's license. Most programs include an internship in an administrative position in a local school or educational agency. Course work may include educational finances, human resources, school management, education laws, and instruction evaluation. Some programs offer coursework online for working students. At some point, teachers may decide to go back to school to prepare for a job as an education administrator. In fact, most individuals who pursue an NCE in educational administration or supervision work as teachers and are preparing to transition into leadership roles, such as principals or program directors. In addition to working in schools, some administrators put their knowledge and skills to work in government agencies, corporations, or the military. The following articles can help you further explore the options in this field.

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Eight habits of highly effective 21st-century teachers.