The Theme Of Superstitious Belief In Bayo Adebowale’s Lonely Days And Amma Darko’s Faceless

The Theme Of Superstitious Belief In Bayo Adebowale’s Lonely Days And Amma Darko’s Faceless
 

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

1.1       Background to the Study

Superstitious beliefs and exploitation are the major focus of this research. It should however, be born in mind that whenever they occur in the society they take various ways and forms according to the needs and aspiration of the people in the larger society and indeed Africa as a world.

Superstitious beliefs, as we all know, is a belief in which particular events happen in a way that cannot be explained or bring a good or bad woman to believe or accept a particular thing. In many parts of the African society today, superstition beliefs, humiliation, exploitation, and struggle for survival has eaten deep into the heart of the Africans. This has become an important problem that requires an urgent solution

Bayo Adebowales lonely Days and Amma Darko’s Faceless are exemplified as those texts that expose the vices of superstitious beliefs, humiliation, exploitation and struggle for survival in the domain of the Africans

In regard the maxis to sees the African society has been perpetuated in conflict. Applying this to Bayo Adebowale’s lonely Days and Amma Darko’s Faceless, one will find the work fitting into the framework of Marxism.

Marxism by a way is derived from German philosopher, Karl Mark whose theory about the African society is a call to overflow dictatorship of the Africans or men (the exploiters) and force women.

Therefore, revolution serves as one of the elements of the maximum. Other element includes a protest against violence and struggles for survival of all kind.

Adebowale’s lonely Days deflect the physical by the men. Violence is manifested in the work in terms of hunger, poverty, exploitation, humiliation, and struggle for survival by men.

Yareemi the heroine of the novel serves as a clear victim by the state of superstitious beliefs.

Similarly, in Amma Darko’s faceless the heroine of the novel is Baby T which also a victim of superstitious beliefs, exploitation. Baby T is humiliated and beaten by poison (the street boy) because Baby T flatly refused to sleep with Onko who looks for pubic hair, female vital parts as ingredients needed to rejuvenate his  business and because of this, poison the street lord beat Baby T to a comma. Baby dies as a result of the beating. It is against this backdrop that this research work shall examine the theme of superstitious beliefs in Bago Adebowale’s lonely Days and Amma Darko’s faceless
.

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1.2       Statement of the problem

It is quite disheartening and unfortunate to have observed over the years that the African society is still being riddled with superstitious belief, exploitation, in spite of numerous functions performed by literature in our school's system to sanitize the society of these vices. All facet of human society is affected with these vices ranging from the traditional, culture and socio-economic an aspect of human lives. Regrettably, the court of the matter is that so many people in the world today, view superstitious beliefs and exploitation as a necessary shortcut for taking advantage of the windows in a particular family. Therefore, it is against this background of pervasive exploitation and superstitious beliefs and its effect on the women and the entire society in general that the researcher is wholly committed, to carrying out the research study in order to probe into the literary works with the view to identifying, and exposing how the study of literature in schools can serve as a panacea to superstitious belief and exploitation in our society.                

1.3       Significance of the study

The study is significant because of the following reasons.

1.                  It will serve as a panacea to the prevalent problems of superstitious beliefs, humiliation, exploitation, struggle for survival and other vices in our society.

2.                  It will help to promote the interest of the students, teachers, school guidance, counselors and the entire African society in literary studies.

3.                  It will help educational administrators and planners in selecting textbooks that are depleted with moral lessons to learners.

4.                  It will help the teachers of the subject in the choice of instructional materials for the lesson and also enable them to utilize the materials properly.

5.                  It will help or serve as a stepping stone to students in the department of English and literary studies who may wish to carry out further research on this topic to do so with ease.

The Theme Of Superstitious Belief In Bayo Adebowale’s Lonely Days And Amma Darko’s Faceless 

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1.4       Purpose of the study

The study intends to do the following:                                 

1.                  Explore, identify and expose the role of literature as a panacea to superstitious beliefs and exploitation.

2.                  Enumerate useful criteria for sanitizing the African society of vices such as superstitious beliefs and exploitation.

3.                  Examine critically and expose the factors responsible for superstitious beliefs and exploitation in our school and the African society at large.

4.  The study is limited to Address issues and proffers reliable solutions.                                                                      

1.5       SCOPE AND LIMITATION

The study is limited to two prose works by Bayo Adebowale’s lonely Days and Amma Darko’s faceless. The research work sets out to explore the theme of superstitious belief in Bayo Adebowale’s lonely Days and Amma Darko’s faceless.  

                          

The Theme Of Superstitious Belief In Bayo Adebowale’s Lonely Days And Amma Darko’s Faceless 

1.6       Research Methodology

The study will be mainly literary based research.  The two texts chosen as a case study will be used as primary sources while other information from the internet, published and unpublished articles, Journals, copied of the earlier project from the library and other related sources will be examined.

1.7       Bio-Data of the Authors        

1.7.1                BAYO ADEBOWALE:    

Bayo Adebowale was born in Adeyipo village, lagelu Local Government Area of Ibadan, Oyo state, Nigeria. On 6^th June 1944, to a peasant farmer and traditional drummer, Alagba Ayanlads Aladipupo Akangbe Adebowale. His mother madam Abigail Ayannihun atunwa Adebowale is a traditional Rara chanter and dancer, who hails from nergbouring Apon Onilu village, Oyo state. Bayo Adebowale attended St. Andrew’s kindergarten school at Kufi 1 village. And St. Andrew’s senior primary school, Bawgbola, Igbo- Elerin District of Ibadan, where he obtained his Grade A primary school leaving certificate in December, 1955. Thereafter, he was admitted to the local Authority secondary Modern school, Aperin, Ibadan, between 1956 and 1958. In 1959, he becomes a pupil teacher at ST. Mathias Primary school, Busogboro, olugole local government Area, Ibadan. The need to be trained as a teacher took him to llesa where he was admitted to St. Peter’s Grade 111 Teacher college between 1960 and 1961. He was headmaster of St. Micheal’s Primary school, Eko-Ajula, near Ikirun, Osun state, from January 1962 to December 1964. He was transferred to head another school in 1965 –ST. Andrew’s Primary school, Liawe, three miles from Ifon, Osun state.

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In 1966 the year of Nigerian’s military coup, Bayo Adebowale gained admission to Baptist college, Ede for his higher elementary Grade 11 Teacher Training the program,  which his finished in 1967 with merit in ten subjects, including English  language  English literature and music. At Baptist college, Ede, Adebowale’s creativity boomed. He was a college house perfect, the secretary literary and Debating society, and the editor of the college magazine, the Echo. He was a voracious reader of English and African novels, an ardent reader of the works of great writers. Bayo Adebowale’s creative ebullience was kept alive as a higher Elementary (H.E) teacher at Baptist school, Afolabi Apasan (near Aroani Akanran)  Ibadan, between 1968 and 1970 and also at Ibadan city council Primary school, Agugu, between 1970 and 1971. In October, 1971, he was admitted to read English at the University of Ibadan, having passed his General Certificate of Education (GCE) at both the ordinary and the Advanced levels, between 1968 and 1971.

He graduated Bachelor of Arts (Hon.) English in 1974 and had his national youth service corps at ST. Augustine’s Teacher’s College, Lafia, Bernice-Plateau State, Northern Nigeria, from July 1974 to July 1975.

Today, Bayo Adebowale is most well-known as a novelist.  His first novel, the virgin, has been adapted into two home videos under the titles. Of white Handkerchief”  and later as a thirteen week national Television serial under yet another  title” the narrow path” all by the mainframe film organization of Lagos under the directorate of the ace Nigerian cinematographer- Tunde Kelani, Adebowale’s second novel, out of his mind has several times also been adapted for the stage. Both novels have been used by researchers as Final-year long essay projects in colleges of Education, and for the Bachelor of Arts degree Final-year research and for Master of Arts dissertation in Nigerian universities. His third novel, lonely days is probably his most ambitious literary Endeavour to date. The novel predictably a deal with an important aspect of the African culture-widowhood-and has its setting, predictably also, in African rural environment. Adebowale has two other yet to be published novels.

1.7.2               Amma Darko

Amma Darko was born in Koforidua, Ghana, and grew up in Accra. She studied in Kumasi, where she received her diploma in 1980. She worked for the science and technology center in Kumasi. During the 1980s, she lived and worked for some time in Germany. She has since returned to Accra. His novels illustrate everyday life in Ghana. Her first novel, Beyond the Horizon, was originally published in German. Her most recent novels faceless and not without flowers were published in Ghana.